This first English translation of an important study of the records of early Spanish and Portuguese missionaries and adventurers details their interactions with the Khmer people, who ruled what today encompasses the modern nation of Cambodia. These records comprise most of the very few surviving early first-hand accounts of the Khmers and Angkor--and the sole records of Western visitors--four hundred years prior to the arrival of the French in Indochina. They include detailed observations on Khmer architecture, royalty, religion, society and economy of the period just prior to Angkor's final decline. Groslier concludes with a summary of observations of later visitors to Angkor, including Dutch, Japanese, and finally, French.